While the world’s attention has moved on to other crises, Afghan refugees who fled to the U.S. after the Taliban takeover are struggling to make a life in Miami.

On an afternoon in March, Hassani sat on his bed in an extended-stay hotel room in Doral, taking bites of bolani — a traditional Afghan stuffed flatbread — and sipping tea that he brewed for his guests. The room was filled with objects that attested to more than a short-term stay: a stove with teapots, a work desk with photos, a bicycle near the door, and a prayer mat.…