Six years after the end of the Civil War, with the recalcitrant South still under the boot of Reconstruction, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1871, designed to provide a mechanism to enforce the constitutional protections the 14th Amendment — ratified just three years earlier — provided to formerly enslaved African Americans. Technically, the Civil Rights Act comprised the first section of the Ku Klux Klan Act, which, as the name suggests, targeted the white supremacist terrorist group.